1
2
  -2022
..  

(  )
  :    : 75
:               
-
1.      ?         
  ?
2.    
8           
-
3.         
4.             
  ?
-
5.   ?            
2
2
6.             
  ?
-
7.   ?          
?
8.        :

10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80

3
7
10
14
8
6
2
3
2
  -2022
..  

(  )
  :    : 75
:               
-
1.      ?         
  ?
:       (  )
   ,           -    
          -         
                   
              
   ,             
    
                
   
  ?
     ,           ,
                
        :
1.  -           50%   
   ,           
    
4
2
2.  -       ()       ,  
              
      ,           
       
 
                  
                 , 
           ,       
      ;      
   :
  :           
              ,  
          ,        
 :   ,         
             ,  
  
         :
1.     -   ,        
         ,       
     
2.  -        , 
         
      :
              
        ,   ""      
      :
              ,  
        ,      
        
 ,    ,          
     ,            
   
5
2
 
                  
,             -
               ;   
            
        
   :
 :            
,          ,     -
 ,                
       
 :              
 ,           ,    
           
       :
       -  ,     
      -   -    
 ,               
 :       ,     
     -   ,     
     -           
,  -      
 : ,          
           -   
       ,  -     , 
JND       
      
               
    
   :
  :           
           ,      ,
         ,       
,        
6
2
  :          , 
              
              
  
   :
  :         ,
            
          ,   
           
   :       ""    
           ,   
             
         ,       
              , 
     ,           
 ,   ( )   (  )      

 ,              
      ,      -
                
                 
            ,     
               , 
        
     ,            , 
          ,      -
    
2.    
8           
::            
 ,     ,        ,
,       ,         
7
2
   (PSE)              , 
                  , 
                  
  ()  
 ?
       ,         (PSE)
                  
  -        ,       
 PSE               ,  
,     
  ,    -           
         ,  PSE          
 ,               -    
 ,              
   
    
   PSE         ,    
 (   )      (      ) 
                  
   ""                
                
     
  -- 
1.   :
o   ,   (  , 100  )    
   
o  ,  -   ,     
         100      
            
2.    :
o     (  )      
            ,    
8
2
o         ,     -
      (  , 99 , 101 , )
3.   :
o   (, 100 )       (, 101 )
                
          
o          ,   
;       ,    
4.    :
o          ,    
            
    
o               
 ,           
5.   
()  :
o            
 ,         
o               
,            
      
                  -
    PSE               
                 
1.   100     ,   100     
 
2.   ,              
    ,      +2   (    
   102   )
3.   ,   98      ,    
             ,   -2

4.      ,  101 , 99 , 102     
        
9
2
5.    ,            +1, -1,
+3, -2  +2         :
6. PSE           ,     100 
( )    (+0.6 )  , PSE 100.6  
     ?
              
                  
 ,        ,           
            ,    (
     ),   (    ),  
 (     )
   , ,          
                
     ,         
      

  
  :             
      ,     " " 
 :            
    ,            
   
              
 ,            


         ,        
             ,    
               
              
10
2
      ,         -   
          
-
3.         
:      
   ,       ,    ,    
                 
   ,  1930          
          -      ,
        ()      ,    
      ,          
                 
          
       
               
  ,   ,       - 
          ,      
       -       ,
                :
1.   ():          
             
              ,
              
   
2.   (WF):             
               
                 
        ,        
 
3.   ():          
          ,  , ,
     ,          
         ,       
11
2
4.   (..):        
               
           ,   
            
                 
   
5.   ():            
      ,        
               
           
6.   ():    ,     
              
              
          ,    
              
    
7.  (R):             
          ,     
        ,     
            ,     
   
         
     -     -   
  
  -            : 
  ()        ()  
         ,   
             , 
                
-  -    ,      
         
             
      -     ,   ,
 -, , , -, ,   
            ,   
        ,     
      
12
2
          
        ,      
:
               
      -      :
 :             
         
 :           ,   
            
 :            
       ,         
  
        3D      
        
 :              
                 
             
      ,        
    
 : ,       ,      
            
          ,        
                
       :         
    
               
        ,      - 
 ,       ,      
              , 
                
    
  ,             
      ,           ,
                 
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2
                
   

                , 
    -        
 -  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  
  -                
              
            
4.             
  ?
:  :   
  ()       ,   
    -            
   ,    -     
,           
      
            ,     
                
,             , 
     ,         
       
    
       :
1. -:          
-        ,   , ,
   ,             
    ,         ,  
                 
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2
2. -:-         
            
             
   ,         ,   
      ,       
      
3.              
        ,      
           ,   
                  
       
4. :           
               
     ,     ,     
             ,   
           
5.  :            
              
  ,               
            
     ,     ,  
        ,       
          
      
              
          :
1. -:
o               
      
o                
o   ,           ,  
             , 
    
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2
2. -:
o             
      
o                
 
o   ,      ,       
,       
3. :
o             
o             
  
o   ,        ,     
         
4. :
o              
   
o                 
  
o   ,          
  ,            
        
5.  :
o             
o        ,      
      
o   ,    ,        
           ,   
  
     ?
          
  ,       ,      
  -         ,   ,    
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2
  EI              
                

  ,            
          ,        
  ,            
 ,        ,    
         
      
1.  :            , 
               
             ,    
             
      ,         
       
2.   :    -       
   ,           -  
                
     
3.  :               
    ,             ,
                  
  
    
                  
              
  :
   :         
-           
      ,       
           
           ,     
 ,        
   :         
     
17
2
              


               
                  ,
                 
    ,        ,   
                
 
-
5.   ?            
: :   ,    
  ?
    , , ,        
          ,     
                 
   ,             
      ,       , 
 , -   
            , , ,
               
    ,               
    ,          
        
     ?
     -          - 
       , -     
,   -,   ,    ,   
                  
        ,       
     
18
2
    
     ,        
                
                
                 
   
      :
1.  :  ,          
     ,          
                
  -               
             ,  
       
  ,          ,      
         ,         
 ,              
            
2.    :             
                 ,
              
             - 
  ,              ,
                
               
   
3.  :            
      -           
               , 
               
        
                  ,
                    
4.  :              
   ,            
   ,        
         ,     
19
2
        ,       
         
  ,   ,     - ,  
      ,       
  -     
    
        ,    
                   
               
       ,       
      :
1.          ,    
                   
              ,  ,
              
  ,         ,      
                  
                  
  
2.   :           
  -     ()    ()   
          ,    
            
                 ,
               
               
 
3.    :        
         - 
          -     
   ,     ()   ()
       
             ,  -
     ,           
20
2
                

4. :       ,       
               
                
             
  ,      ,        
          ,    
  

 ,          ,      
                 
                 
 ,             -
       
           ,    
      ,          ,
   -           
           ,      
         
6.             
  ?
:    ,      
                
 ,      ,         ,
,               
               
 ,               
                 
      
1.  
                 
   ,            
21
2
    -     ,       
               :
a)      ()
MMPI                ,
 ,     ,    500   --  
MMPI           ,    
            ,   
                    , 
              
     
)    (-)
           ,  " "  
    :    , , ,    
     "        ?"  "   
   ?"              
                 
              
c) -    ()
               16 -
      :       ( 
),      (  ),     (
  ),          (   
)   ,    "INTJ"        , 
  , ,            
                
   
2.  
         ,   
,                 
            ,    ,  
                
        :
a)   
  ,              
             ,      
22
2
               ,
      ,            
             
    
)   ()
 ,               
        ,           , 
         ,      
       ,           
      ,         

3.  
              
                
   -      ,   ,    
           -  
         :
)  
               , 
                , 
          ,      
      ,            
) -
-                
        ,          
               
 ,                 
        ,       
4.  
              
                
      ,            :
23
2
)  
- ,              
  ,              
  ,         , -
          
)  
  ,    ,    ,    , 
       ,            
  ,               ,
                  
            
5. 
,     ,         
    ,        , 
          ,     , 
                
  ,             
)  
  ,           
            ,   , 
           
)  
          , , "
     ,"           
  ,           

 ,            
             MMPI 
MBTI         ,    
,              
    ,     ,   
           ,   
      ,       
   
24
2
-
7.   ?          
?
:   ?
  (    )        
               ,     
                 
 ,           -     - 
 
                  
    ,     ,      
      ,         
 ,     
            , 
,   ,    -      
               
                  
     
   ?
     :
1.     :             
  ,            
  ,              
 
2.   :          
  ,            
,         ,       
     ,         
3.          
              
          -    
         ,  
    
25
2
   
    ,           
        -   -    
     :
1. 
2. 
3.  
4. 
        :
1.
               
     
                 : 10,
12, 15, 18  20      ,     (10)     (20)
  :
=20−10=10
  10  ,   10      
  :   ,     -        
                   
          
2. 
                ()
              , :
1.     .
2. ""          
3.            
4.       
  ,         : 3, 7, 10.  :
26
2
,    
   :
(3 - 6.67) = -3.67
(7 - 6.67) = 0.33
(10 - 6.67) = 3.33
 ,       :
(-3.67)^2 = 13.47
(0.33)^2 = 0.11
(3.33)^2 = 11.09
,     :
                
   ,        
   :      ,        
    (,  ,   )         
     
3.  
              
 ,       
   ,   8.23 ,    :
                
           ,      
        
:            ,    75 ,  5
          70  80       
27
2
 15 ,     ,         60  90   
    
4.  ()
    50%          (Q1, 25
)    (Q3, 75 )    
  ,       : 3, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20.
1.    :3, 7, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20.
2.  12 ,         : 3, 7, 10  15, 18, 20.
3.   (Q1)    (7)   ,    (Q3)  
 (18)   
4. , Q1  Q3   :
=18−7=11 = 18 - 7 = 11=18−7=11
IQR        50%    ,        
     

           ,   
              - ,
,     -           
        ,       
   ,             
           
8.        :

10-20
20-30
30-40
40-50
50-60
60-70
70-80

3
7
10
14
8
6
2
:           -- 
    ,      (CI)     ,  
(f)                 :
28
2
  ()
 (f)
10-20
3
20-30
7
30-40
10
40-50
14
50-60
8
60-70
6
70-80
2
 1:     
 
 (      )           
               

  :
     
  :
,           :
29
2
  ()

(x)
10-20
15
20-30
25
30-40
35
40-50
45
50-60
55
60-70
65
70-80
75
 2: 
    
 ,                
      
  ()
 (f)

(x)
× 
10-20
3
15
45
20-30
7
25
175
30-40
10
35
350
40-50
14
45
630
50-60
8
55
440
60-70
6
65
390
70-80
2
75
150
,   (f × x)   :
 3:    
,        :
30
2
 4:    
 (μ\muμ)   ,           :
  :
 5:       
 ,                  
             :
 xxx    μ\muμ 
           :
 
()

(f)

(x)
x−μx -
\mux−μ
(x−μ)2(x -
\mu)^2(x−μ)2
f×(x−μ)2f \times (x -
\mu)^2f×(x−μ)2
10-20
3
15
-28.6
817.96
2453.88
20-30
7
25
-18.6
345.96
2411.72
30-40
10
35
-8.6
73.96
739.60
40-50
14
45
1.4
1.96
27.44
50-60
8
55
11.4
129.96
1039.68
60-70
6
65
21.4
457.96
2747.76
70-80
2
75
31.4
985.96
1971.92
,       :
31
2
 6:   
 (σ2)     ,        :
  :
 7:     
  (σ)      :
    :
 :
       12.14
:
  ,         ,      
           ,      
     ,            
       , ,      12.14  
                
      
:             ( )      
         ,              